Engineering Physics (AHT-001)

About Course

Course Objectives:

To explore the basic understanding of wave optics and its applications in modern communication system like
Laser and optical fiber communication systems. To comprehend the effect of electric and magnetic field in
materials and apply Maxwell’s equations to understand electromagnetic wave propagation. To familiarize with
the basics of quantum mechanics and its applications. To understand the basics of semiconductors and its
application in electronic devices.

Course Outcomes:

1. Learn the principles of physical optics and understand their applicability in daily life.
2. Apply concept of physical optics to understand working of Lasers and optical fiber based
communication systems.
3. Comprehend the properties of electromagnetic waves with electric and magnetic behavior of materials.
4. Understand the behavior of microscopic objects using fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
5. Apply and designing of various electronic devices using semiconductor physics.

                                                           Syllabus

UNIT-I Interference:
Coherent sources, conditions of interference, Fresnel’s Biprism experiment, displacement of
fringes, interference in thin films, wedge shaped film, Newton’s rings.
Diffraction: Single and n-slit diffraction, diffraction grating, Raleigh’s criterion of resolution, resolving power
of grating.

UNIT-II Polarization:
Phenomenon of double refraction, ordinary and extra-ordinary rays, Nicol prism, production and
analysis of plane, retardation plates, circularly and elliptically polarized light, optical activity, specific rotation,
polarimeter.
Laser: Principle of laser action, Einstein’s coefficients, construction and working of He-Ne and Ruby laser and
their applications, fundamental ideas about optical fiber, types of fibers, acceptance angle and cone, numerical
aperture, propagation mechanism and communication in optical fiber, advantages of optical fiber
communication; losses in optical fibers.

UNIT-III Electromagnetics: 
Gradient, Divergence and curl, Gauss Theorem, Stokes’ theorem, Continuity equation,
Ampere’s law and displacement current, Maxwell’s equations in integral and differential forms, electromagnetic
wave propagation in free space and conducting media, Poynting theorem.
Magnetic Properties of Materials: Basic concept of para-, dia and ferro-magnetism, Langevin’s theory of
diamagnetism, phenomenon of hysteresis and its applications.

UNIT-IV Quantum Mechanics:
Introduction to Quantum mechanics, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Wave nature
of Particles, Free-particle wave function and wave-packets, Group Velocity, Phase Velocity and their relation,
Uncertainty principle, wave function, properties of wave function, operators, Time-dependent and time
independent Schrodinger equation for wave function, Application: Particle in a One dimensional Box.

UNIT-V Semiconductor Physics:
Introduction to semiconductors, momentum energy diagram for band gap explanation,
P and N type semiconductors, direct and indirect band gap materials, Hall effect, barrier formation in P-N
junction diode, forward and reverse biasing of P-N junction diode, Shockley equation, photodiode, photovoltaic
effect, solar cell, LED and diode laser: construction and materials.